Internalizing Indigenous Ritual Values in History Education: The Ngaben Ceremony's Impact on Cultural Literacy and Prosocial Attitudes Among Secondary Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24667/jcen.v1i3.82Keywords:
Indigenous knowledge, Culturally responsive teaching, Cultural literacy, Prosocial attitudes, Ngaben ceremony, Scondary education, Quasi-experimental designAbstract
This quasi-experimental study investigates the impact of integrating indigenous ritual values, specifically the Ngaben ceremony, into secondary history education on students' cultural literacy and prosocial attitudes. Conducted with 61 students (experimental group: 31; control group: 30) in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province, the research employed a posttest-only control group design. Data were collected through validated questionnaires measuring cultural literacy (α = 0.980) and prosocial attitudes (α = 0.898). Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) revealed statistically significant differences between groups across both dependent variables (Pillai's Trace = 0.305, F = 12.710, p < 0.001, Partial η² = 0.301). The experimental group demonstrated higher mean scores in cultural literacy (M = 75.68, SD = 8.65) and prosocial attitudes (M = 117.39, SD = 9.23) compared to the control group (cultural literacy: M = 64.53, SD = 8.12; prosocial attitudes: M = 106.80, SD = 10.34). Univariate analyses confirmed significant effects on cultural literacy (F = 25.480, p < 0.001, Partial η² = 0.301) and prosocial attitudes (F = 21.955, p < 0.001, Partial η² = 0.271). The findings demonstrate that embedding indigenous ritual knowledge within secondary history curricula effectively enhances students' understanding of cultural heritage while fostering positive social competencies. This research contributes to culturally responsive pedagogy and validates the educational potential of local traditions in secondary education as a mechanism for developing both cognitive and affective learning outcomes.
References
Ahsani, E. L. F., & Azizah, N. R. (2021). Implementasi literasi budaya dan kewargaan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan sosial siswa madrasah ibtidaiyah di tengah pandemi. Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, 11(1), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.20527/kewarganegaraan.v11i01.10317
Aisara, F., Nursaptini, N., & Widodo, A. (2020). Melestarikan kembali budaya lokal melalui kegiatan ekstrakulikuler untuk anak usia sekolah dasar. Cakrawala Jurnal Penelitian Sosial, 9(2), 149–166. https://doi.org/10.31294/jp.v9i2
Arsana, I. N. C., Simatupang, L. L., Soedarsono, R. M., & Dibia, I. W. (2015). Kosmologis tetabuhan dalam upacara Ngaben. Resital: Jurnal Seni Pertunjukan, 15(2), 107–125. https://doi.org/10.24821/resital.v15i2.846
Astiti, N. P. M., Ardana, I. K., & Wiarta, I. W. (2017). Pengaruh model pembelajaran children learning in science berbasis budaya penyelidikan terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan IPA. Journal of Education Technology, 1(2), 86–93. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v1i2.11744
Astuti, A. D., Suyatno, S., & Yoyo, Y. (2020). The strategy of principal in instilling religious character in Muhammadiyah elementary school. The European Educational Researcher, 3(2), 67–85. https://doi.org/10.31757/euer.323
Bennett, S. V., Gunn, A. M. A., Gayle-Evans, G., Barrera, E. S., & Leung, C. B. (2020). Culturally responsive literacy practices in an early childhood community. Early Childhood Education Journal, 48(3), 241–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-017-0839-9
Bofill-Herrero, A., Baena-Morales, S., García-Taibo, O., & Ferriz-Valero, A. (2022). Cooperative learning and SDG 5: An intervention for physical education in secondary schools. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 22(7), 1570–1580. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2022.07198
Chotitham, S., & Wongwanich, S. (2014). The reading attitude measurement for enhancing elementary school students' achievement. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3213–3217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.737
Collinson, J. A., McNarry, G., & Evans, A. B. (2021). Sensoriality, social interaction, and "doing sensing" in physical–cultural ethnographies. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 50(5), 599–621. https://doi.org/10.1177/08912416211014266
Colombi, M. C. (2015). Academic and cultural literacy for heritage speakers of Spanish: A case study of Latinx students in California. Linguistics and Education, 31, 185–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2015.05.006
Ernatip, E. (2019). Upacara 'Ngaben' di desa Rama Agung – Bengkulu Utara. Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya, 4(2), 1115–1133. https://doi.org/10.36424/jpsb.v4i2.62
Fitriani, R. S., Astalini, A., & Kurniawan, D. A. (2021). Pengaruh tanggung jawab terhadap sikap siswa pada mata pelajaran ipa di smp kota Jambi. Jurnal Emasains: Jurnal Edukasi Matematika dan Sains, 10(2), 145–158. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4724784
Gildersleeve, R. E. (2019). Creating learning environments for all. About Campus: Enriching the Student Learning Experience, 24(1), 3–3. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086482219862507
Hatch, L., & Clark, S. K. (2021). A study of the instructional decisions and lesson planning strategies of highly effective rural elementary school teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 108, 103505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103505
Helaluddin, H. (2020). Desain literasi budaya dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di perguruan tinggi. Jurnal Bahasa Indonesia, 8(2), 156–168. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200607-984PP
Horn, S., & Veermans, K. (2019). Critical thinking efficacy and transfer skills defend against 'fake news' at an international school in Finland. Journal of Research in International Education, 18(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240919830003
Hossain, A., & Tarmizi, R. A. (2013). Effects of cooperative learning on students' achievement and attitudes in secondary mathematics. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 473–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.222
Ishartono, N., Desstya, A., Prayitno, H. J., & Sidiq, Y. (2021). The quality of HOTS-based science questions developed by Indonesian elementary school teachers. Journal of Education Technology, 5(2), 225–235. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v5i2.33813
Juwita, W., Salim, A., & Winarno, W. (2018). Students' tolerance behavior in religious-based primary school: Gender perspective. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 3(3), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.426255
Kamisa, A. (2016). Penerapan model problem based learning dalam pembelajaran sejarah untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas XI IPS 1 SMAN 1 Butar Sulawesi Tengah. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sejarah, 12(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.21831/istoria.v12i1.9542
Kanji, H., Nursalam, N., Nawir, M., & Suardi, S. (2020). Integration of social care characters and moral integratif on social science lessons in elementary school. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 12(2), 413–427. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v12i2.260
Kurniawan, M. W. (2021). Penguatan karakter religius berbasis budaya sekolah di SD Muhammadiyah 4 Batu. Elementary School, 8(2), 295–302. https://doi.org/10.31316/esjurnal.v8i2.1393
Lestari, H., & Siskandar, R. (2020). Literasi sains siswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran blended learning dengan blog. NATURALISTIC: Jurnal Kajian Penelitian Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 4(2b), 597–604. https://doi.org/10.35568/naturalistic.v4i2b.769
Liao, Y.-C., Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A., Glazewski, K., & Karlin, M. (2021). Coaching to support teacher technology integration in elementary classrooms: A multiple case study. Teaching and Teacher Education, 104, 103384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103384
Marini, A., Safitri, D., Lestari, I., Suntari, Y., Nuraini, S., Nafiah, M., Saipiatuddin, S., Ambar Arum, W. S., Sudrajat, A., & Iskandar, R. (2021). Mobile web-based character building for enhancement of student character at elementary schools: An empirical evidence. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 15(21), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i21.24959
Misco, T. (2018). Culturally responsive curriculum and pedagogy in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. International Journal of Multicultural Education, 20(2), 81–100. https://doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v20i2.1575
Mize, M., & Glover, C. (2021). Supporting Black, Indigenous, and students of color in learning environments transformed by Covid-19. International Journal of Multicultural Education, 23(1), 162–173. https://doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v23i1.2559
Mustaqim, W. D., Putra, A. P., & Murti, T. (2021). Development of bilingual pop up book media on Javanese puppet stories for elementary school students. Sekolah Dasar: Kajian Teori dan Praktik Pendidikan, 30(1), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.17977/um009v30i12021p077
Nafsia, A., Yufiarti, Y., & Supena, A. (2020). Pembentukan karakter anak melalui Budaya Nalo pada anak usia dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 378–390. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v4i2.439
Nopiantari, I., & Agung, A. A. G. (2021). Meningkatkan hasil belajar melalui video pembelajaran pada materi keberagaman budaya bangsaku bermuatan masalah sosial. Jurnal Edutech Undiksha, 8(1), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.23887/jeu.v9i1.32058
Nurcholif, D. M., Suartama, I. K., & Sukmana, A. I. W. I. Y. (2021). Belajar sejarah dengan e-learning berbasis discovery learning. Mimbar Ilmu, 26(2), 225–237. https://doi.org/10.23887/mi.v26i3.36387
Nurjannah, A., Apriliya, S., & Mustajin, A. (2020). Perencanaan pembelajaran berbasis permainan tradisional sebagai afirmasi literasi budaya di sd. Indonesian Journal of Primary Education, 4(1), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijpe.v4i1.25398
Ochoa, G. G., & McDonald, S. (2019). Destabilisation and cultural literacy. Intercultural Education, 30(4), 351–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2018.1540112
Paraswati, R., Merthawan, G., & Yasini, K. (2021). Persepsi masyarakat Hindu terhadap Ngaben massal. Widya Genitri: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, Agama dan Kebudayaan Hindu, 12(1), 177–187. https://doi.org/10.36417/widyagenitri.v12i3.336
Pasek, I. G. S. S., Sudarma, K., & Astawan, I. G. (2018). Pengaruh model pembelajaran trikaya parisudha berbasis masalah terhadap sikap sosial dan hasil belajar IPS. Jurnal Pendidikan Multikultural Indonesia, 1(1), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpmu.v1i1.20763
Prasetyo, G., Hidayatullah, M. F., Akhyar, M., Wiranto, & Perdana, R. (2020). Strengthening students' character through multimedia learning in primary schools education: Systematic literature review. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(3), 268–277. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8328
Pratama, F. I. P., Kristiyanto, A., & Widyastono, H. (2021). Character values of third grade slow learner in character education at the inclusive elementary school. JPI, 10(2), 345–352. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v10i2.28838
Pudjiastuti, S. R. (2020). Meningkatkan pemahaman materi globalisasi dan sikap sosial siswa melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif group investigation di kelas IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurul Huda Cimanggis Depok. JPPGuseda | Jurnal Pendidikan & Pengajaran Guru Sekolah Dasar, 3(1), 01–05. https://doi.org/10.33751/jppguseda.v3i1.1917
Purwati, D., & Nugroho, A. N. P. (2018). Pengembangan media evaluasi pembelajaran sejarah berbasis google formulir di SMA N 1 Prambanan. ISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sejarah, 14(1), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.21831/istoria.v14i1.19398
Rachmawati, W., Benty, D. D. N., & Sumarsono, R. B. (2018). Budaya sekolah berbasis ketarunaan dalam pembentukan karakter peserta didik. Jurnal Administrasi dan Manajemen Pendidikan, 1(1), 410–418. https://doi.org/10.17977/um027v1i42018p410
Safirah, E., Amirullah, A., & Bustan, B. (2020). Penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe storytelling untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar sejarah peserta didik kelas X IIS 2 di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Sinjai. Attoriolog Jurnal Pemikiran Kesejarahan dan Pendidikan Sejarah, 18(2), 110–120. https://doi.org/10.36706/jc.v7i2.6895
Safitri, M. L. O., Mustadi, A., & Retnawati, H. (2021). The role of teachers in implementation social care education character at primary schools. Jurnal Iqra': Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(2), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v6i2.1315
Sahara, A., & Silalahi, B. R. (2022). Pengembangan media pop up book sebagai media pembelajaran IPS materi keberagaman budaya di Sumatera Utara siswa kelas IV SD. Journal of Education and Social Analysis, 3(1), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.51178/jesa.v3i1.385
Saputro, F. E. (2020). The role of Islamic religious education teachers in actualizing tolerance attitudes to students. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 12(2), 336–347. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v12i2.214
Segara, I. N. Y. (2020). "Bade Beroda": Transformasi dan komodifikasi budaya dalam upacara Ngaben di Bali. Mudra Jurnal Seni Budaya, 35(1), 94–102. https://doi.org/10.31091/mudra.v35i1.810
Setiawan, A., Pusporini, W., & Dardjito, H. (2020). Observation instrument for student social attitude in primary schools: Validity and reliability. Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 24(1), 76–87. https://doi.org/10.21831/pep.v24i1.31868
Shliakhovchuk, E. (2021). After cultural literacy: New models of intercultural competency for life and work in a VUCA world. Educational Review, 73(2), 229–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2019.1566211
Silkyanti, F. (2019). Analisis peran budaya sekolah yang religius dalam pembentukan karakter siswa. Indonesian Values and Character Educational Journal, 2(1), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.23887/ivcej.v2i1.17941
Sulistyawati, E. (2020). Keefektifan pendekatan kontekstual berbasis budaya lokal ditinjau dari prestasi, minat belajar, dan apresiasi terhadap matematika. JP3M (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Matematika), 6(1), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.37058/jp3m.v6i1.1421
Supriadi, J., Yusuf, S., & Sair, A. (2018). Pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran problem based learning terhadap motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran sejarah kelas XI di SMA Negeri 3 Tanjung Raja. Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah, 7(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.36706/jc.v7i2.6895
Sutarto, S. (2020). Dampak pengiring pembelajaran pendekatan saintifik untuk mengembangan sikap spiritual dan sosial siswa. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 39(1), 44–56. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v36i1.12792
Syahrial, S., Asrial, A., Kurniawan, D. A., & Damayanti, L. (2021). Comparison of print modules and e-modules to the tolerance character of students. International Journal of Elementary Education, 5(2), 298–310. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v5i2.34351
Tambak, S., & Sukenti, D. (2017). Implementasi budaya Melayu dalam kurikulum pendidikan madrasah ibtidaiyah di Riau. MIQOT Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 41(2), 303–324. https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v41i2.409
Tohani, E., & Sugito, S. (2020). Penguatan literasi budaya bagi pelaku seni budaya desa Kalirejo, kecamatan Kokap, kabupaten Kulon Progo. JIV-Jurnal Ilmiah Visi, 14(1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.21009/JIV.1401.4
Uge, S., Neolaka, A., & Yasin, M. (2019). Development of social studies learning model based on local wisdom in improving students' knowledge and social attitude. International Journal of Instruction, 12(3), 375–388. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12323a
Utomo, C. B., & Muntholib, A. (2018). Implementasi pendidikan karakter dalam membentuk sikap dan perilaku sosial peserta didik melalui pembelajaran sejarah di SMA PGRI 1 Pati tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Indonesian Journal of History Education, 6(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.36706/jc.v7i2.6895
Vaughn, M., & Fisher, D. (2020). Affective dimensions of student literacy learning. Reading Psychology, 41(6), 628–648. https://doi.org/10.1080/02702711.2020.1783140
Widikasih, P. A., Widiana, I. W., & Margunayasa, I. G. (2021). Online learning problems for elementary school students. Journal of Education Research and Evaluation, 5(3), 489–497. https://doi.org/10.23887/jere.v5i3.34254
Widodo, A. (2020). Nilai budaya ritual Perang Topat sebagai sumber pembelajaran IPS berbasis kearifan lokal di sekolah dasar. Gulawentah: Jurnal Studi Sosial, 5(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.25273/gulawentah.v5i1.6359
Winarni, R., Slamet, S. Y., Poerwanti, J. I., Sriyanto, M. I., Yulisetiani, S., & Syawaludin, A. (2021). An analysis of preservice elementary teacher ability in creative writing containing character education with local wisdom perspective. Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar, 5(3), 498–510. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v5i3.37069
Yuki, L. K. (2020). Implementasi literasi budaya kuda kosong dalam meningkatkan minat membaca pada mahasiswa Universitas Putra Indonesia. Jurnal Soshum Insentif, 3(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.36787/jsi.v3i1.215
Yuliyanto, A., Fadriyah, A., Yeli, K. P., & Wulandari, H. (2018). Pendekatan saintifik untuk mengembangkan karakter disiplin dan tanggung jawab siswa sekolah dasar. Metodik Didaktik, 13(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.17509/md.v13i2.9307
Yuniarni, D., Sari, R. P., & Atiq, A. (2020). Pengembangan multimedia interaktif video senam animasi berbasis budaya khas Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(1), 290–301. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v4i1.331
Journal of Comparative Education Nexus
