Design and Performance Analysis of an ESP32-Based Hybrid Charging System Using Solar Panels and USB Type-C for a Miniature Electric Vehicle
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17524/ijesmi.v1i3.61Keywords:
Hybrid Charging System; ESP32; Solar Panel; USB Type-C; Miniature Electric Vehicle.Abstract
The development of renewable energy-based charging systems has become increasingly important in supporting sustainable electric vehicle technology. However, photovoltaic charging performance is highly influenced by weather conditions, affecting system reliability. This study aims to design and evaluate an ESP32-based hybrid charging system integrating solar panels and USB Type-C technology for miniature electric vehicles. The system comprises a solar panel, USB Type-C charging module, lithium-ion battery pack, Battery Management System (BMS), INA219 sensor, ESP32 microcontroller, Bluetooth communication, and motor control unit. Performance testing was conducted under three charging scenarios: solar charging during slightly cloudy conditions, solar charging under sunny conditions, and USB Type-C charging. Results showed that the solar panel generated 8.55 V without measurable current under cloudy conditions, producing 0 W output power. Under sunny conditions, the system produced 8.60 V, 0.18 A, and 0.90 W. In contrast, USB Type-C charging delivered 10.43 V, 3.20 A, and 33.37 W, equivalent to approximately 37 times higher power output. Furthermore, ESP32 successfully enabled real-time monitoring and Bluetooth-based wireless data transmission. The proposed system provides a practical, flexible, and cost-effective charging solution while supporting renewable energy utilization.
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References
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